Methods Of Water Proofing

INTRODUCTION

In all low volume irrigation systems water is applied at the required rate and at the required place to the plants so that they do not face any moisture distress throughout their life cycle. The water for irrigation is conveyed through a network of pipes and finally released wherever required with help of various types of emitters, which may be drippers, sprinklers, misters’ etc.

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The techniques have now been widely accepted as the ideal irrigation techniques for row plantation, widely spaced crops and also for lawns, golf courses etc. By these techniques not only is water to the right place at the right time and savings achieved but fertilizer is also similarly placed alongwith the water thus effecting major savings in fertilizer application as also saving the soil from the ill effects of excessive use of chemical fertilizers.

The choice of emitters depends entirely on the final application. Where widely spaced crops are grown drippers maybe the right products whereas where hundred percent wetting is required say for flower beds micro sprinklers may be right .In the case of certain flowers in green houses misters are required to keep the moisture content under control. Also for lawns and gold courses etc pop up sprinklers which come out of the ground under hydraulic pressure when required and go down when the irrigation cycle is finished may be required.

The systems can be manually operated or may be controlled by computerized controls where in programs whereby voice activation of irrigation systems is possible, also exist. It is possible to irrigate a farm sitting hundreds of kilometers away.

The use of drip Irrigation system has been increasing in many states of our Country especially Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala and Karnataka. This system is adaptable to most crops, under most soils and topographic conditions. It is particularly suited to soil with very low and very high infiltration rates under conditions of water scarcity and in areas where drainage of excess water is difficult